A universal cylindrical grinding machine is a type of grinding machine that is used to shape the outside of an object. It is one of the most commonly used types of grinding machines and is capable of performing a variety of grinding operations, including traverse grinding, plunge grinding, and angular grinding.

A universal cylindrical grinder typically consists of a wheel head, a tailstock, a bed, and a work head. The wheel head holds the grinding wheel and is responsible for performing the grinding operation, while the tailstock supports the end of the workpiece. The bed provides a stable base for the machine and supports the work head, which holds and rotates the workpiece.

Universal cylindrical grinders can be used to grind a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics. They are commonly used in the automotive, aerospace, and precision engineering industries. The choice of a universal cylindrical grinder will depend on the specific requirements of the application, including the size and shape of the workpiece, the type of material being ground, and the desired level of precision.