A CNC cylindrical grinding machine is a precision tool used for grinding cylindrical surfaces of workpieces. The machine comprises several key components, including:

1. Bed: The bed is the base of the machine that supports the workpiece and grinding wheel. It provides a stable platform for the other components of the machine.

2. Headstock: The headstock holds the workpiece and rotates it around its axis during the grinding process. It is equipped with a spindle that holds the workpiece securely and provides rotational motion.

3. Tailstock: The tailstock provides support for the opposite end of the workpiece and can be adjusted to provide the desired level of pressure. It is also equipped with a center that helps to align the workpiece with the grinding wheel.

4. Grinding wheel: The grinding wheel is a rotating abrasive tool that grinds the surface of the workpiece. It is mounted on the spindle of the headstock and can be adjusted to achieve the desired level of precision.

5. CNC control system: The CNC control system is the brain of the machine that controls its operation. It comprises a computer and software that enable the operator to program the machine to perform specific tasks. The CNC control system controls the movement of the grinding wheel, headstock, and tailstock, as well as other aspects of the machine's operation.

6. Wheelhead: The wheelhead is the component that houses the grinding wheel and provides movement to the wheel. It is responsible for the precision and accuracy of the grinding process.

7. Workholding devices: Workholding devices are used to secure the workpiece to the headstock and tailstock. They can be customized to accommodate different types of workpieces and provide a secure grip for precise grinding.

Overall, the key components of a CNC cylindrical grinding machine work together to ensure accurate and precise grinding of cylindrical surfaces.